Rabbi Zev Wolbe: Mishna Berura Halacha Shiur – Hilchos Sukkah – Siman 638: The Sukkah and it’s Decorations are Assur all Seven Days (08/26/25)
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Halachic Conclusions:
Questions:
May one move a pot which is placed on the blech in an area which is not directly over the fire to a part of the blech which is directly over the fire?
Is the entire blech considered a stovetop which is גרוף וקטום or is it considered just סמוך לכירה?
Bring a proof
Learn אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סע’ סט & ע with the footnotes
Learn אגרות משה או”ח חלק ד ס’ עד, בישול אות יב

Learn חזון איש או”ח ס’ ל”ז ס”ק י


Learn שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף כה & הערה קכו
And קובץ הלכות שבת ח”ב פרק כו סע’ מ & הערה נה
The prevalent practice is to use a blech on a stovetop which would serve as קטום. What is the source that a sheet of metal would accomplish the same halachic status as placing ash on the coals?
See שולחן ערוך אורח חיים ס’ רנ”ג סע’ ג and משנה ברורה ס”ק פא
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60388&st=&pgnum=51
In many electrical appliances the heating elements are covered by a sheet of metal like a crock pot which the walls of the crock pot covers the coils. Does one need to cover/line the crock pot or is the sheet of metal/ walls considered a blech?
Learn רש”י שבת דף לז. “גבה
Learn מגן אברהם שי”ח ס”ק לא
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14325&st=&pgnum=26
See ביאור הלכה שי”ח ס’ א “ליתן עליה
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60388&st=&pgnum=45
Learn ששכה”ל פרק א סעיף כט & הערה פב (new print)
Learn קובץ הלכות שבת ח”ב פרק כו סע’ יח & הערה כד
Would aluminum foil which does not reduce the temperature be acceptable to be considered קטום?
Learn קובץ הלכות שבת ח”ב פרק כו סע’ יג & הערה יז-יח
Learn ששכה”ל פרק א הערה סג (new print)
If one leaves the aluminum foil on the electrical appliance from week to week. Is it still considered קטום ?
Learn קובץ הלכות שבת ח”ב פרק כו סע’ יט & הערה כז
A hot plate that does not have ability to change its temperature, does it need to be covered?
Learn ששכה”ל פרק א סעיף ל & הערה פג (new print)
Learn אגרות משה או”ח חלק ד ס’ עד בישול ס”ק לה

Learn קובץ הלכות שבת ח”ב פרק כו סע’ כ & הערה כט
Click on Right Side of Player to Download
How can one heat up cold solid food from the refrigerator on Shabbos morning?
Quickly review שולחן ערוך ס’ שי”ח סע’ ז & ח
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60388&st=&pgnum=277
Review מגן אברהם ס’ שי”ח ס”ק כו
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14325&st=&pgnum=155
Major Questions:
How does the two opinions brought in ס’ שי”ח סע’ ז & ח fit with the ruling of the שולחן ערוך ס’ רנ”ג סע’ ג & ה?
Why does the Shulchan Aruch ס’ רנ”ג סע’ ה permit one to place a cold pot of food on top of a pot on a fire but in סע’ ג only permits חזרה?
Learn מגן אברהם ס’ רנ”ג ס”ק לג
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14325&st=&pgnum=27
There is a major dispute between the דגול מרבבה and the פרי מגדים on how to explain the ruling of the שולחן ערוך with major halachic ramifications.
Learn דגול מרבבה on the מגן אברהם
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=7631&st=&pgnum=32
Learn פרי מגדים אשל אברהם ס”ק לג
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=41248&st=&pgnum=163
What is the halachic differences between the דגול מרבבה and the פרי מגדים?
Whom do we rule in accordance with?
Learn ביאור הלכה ס’ רנ”ג סע’ ג “ויזהר שלא ישים
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60388&st=&pgnum=49
Is there another way to answer the difference in the Shulchan Aruch?
Learn שולחן ערוך הרב ס’ רנ”ג סע’ כו and קונטרס אחרון (on bottom) ס”ק י for a third explanation
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=25073&st=&pgnum=137
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=25073&st=&pgnum=138
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=25073&st=&pgnum=139
In Conclusion:
Many people have the practice of turning a pan upside down and placing cold fully cooked solid food from the refrigerator on top of the upside down pan on Shabbos morning?
Is this permitted according to the פרי מגדים?
Learn שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף מד & הערה קכו
And see קובץ הלכות שבת ח”ב פרק כו סע’ לד & הערה מח
Question:
If one places a pan of food on top of a soup pot which is on the blech. May one move the pan on Shabbos and place it directly on the blech?
Point to consider:
What is the status of a pot of food that is resting on top of another pot which is on the stovetop.
Is it considered on the fire which is גרוף וקטום or is it considered just סמוך לכירה ?
Bring a proof
See מגן אברהם ס’ רנ”ג ס”ק לג
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14325&st=&pgnum=27
Learn שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף מד & הערה קכו
And see קובץ הלכות שבת ח”ב פרק כו סע’ מ & הערה נה
Question:
May one move a pot which is placed on the blech in an area which is not directly over the fire to a part of the blech which is directly over the fire?
Point to Consider:
Is the entire blech considered a stovetop which is גרוף וקטום or is it considered just סמוך לכירה ?
Bring a proof
Learn אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סע’ סט & ע with the footnotes
Learn אגרות משה או”ח חלק ד ס’ סא ס’ עד בישול ס”ק יב
Learn חזון איש או”ח ס’ ל”ז ס”ק י
Learn שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף כה & הערה קכו
And קובץ הלכות שבת ח”ב פרק כו סע’ מ & הערה נה
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How can one heat up cold solid food from the refrigerator on Shabbos morning?
Review שולחן ערוך ס’ שי”ח סע’ ז & ח which brings two opinions whether one may place a fully cooked food on top of a pot which is on the fire.
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60388&st=&pgnum=277
What is the difference between סע’ ז & סע’ ח
Is the conclusion of the Shulchan Aruch that it is permitted just for סע’ ח or also for סע’ ז ?
Learn שולחן ערוך ס’ רנ”ג סע’ ג
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60388&st=&pgnum=51
Why does the Shulchan Aruch only permit חזרה to an empty pot and not to place it on the empty pot like in סע’ ה?
Learn מגן אברהם ס”ק לא
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14325&st=&pgnum=26
May one take an empty pot and turn it upside down and place the cold food on top of it?
See שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א הלכה ?
Halachic Conclusions of הלכות חזרה:
Questions:
A pot that was left on a hot spot on the blech and then moved over to a spot which is not יד סולדת with intent to return to the hotter area but person let go of the pot, may it be returned to the hot spot on the blech?
See אגרות משה או”ח חלק ד ס’ סא
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=920&st=&pgnum=96&hilite=
And שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א הערה קכה
And קובץ הלכות ה’ שבת חלק ב פרק כו סע’ מח והערה אות סז
Is there a permissible way to take cooked food from refrigerator and reheat it on Shabbos?
Learn בית יוסף ס’ רנ”ג סע’ ג & ה (it’s at the end of ס’ רנ”ג in the טור / בית יוסף )
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14265&st=&pgnum=428
Halachic Conclusions of הלכות חזרה:
Questions:
In the event someone removed a hot pot from the fire on Friday before Shabbos and placed it on the counter with intent to place on the blech and discovered on Shabbos that he forgot to place on the blech. May he place on the blech on Shabbos?
See אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סעיף נא והערה פד
A pot that was left on a hot spot on the blech and then moved over to a spot which is not יד סולדת with intent to return to the hotter area but person let go of the pot, may it be returned to the hot spot on the blech?
See אגרות משה או”ח חלק ד ס’ סא
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=920&st=&pgnum=96&hilite=
And שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א הערה קכה
And קובץ הלכות ה’ שבת חלק ב פרק כו סע’ מח והערה אות סז
Is there a permissible way to take cooked food from refrigerator and reheat it on Shabbos?
Learn בית יוסף ס’ רנ”ג סע’ ג & ה (it’s at the end of ס’ רנ”ג in the טור / בית יוסף )
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14265&st=&pgnum=428
Halacha / Hilchos Tisha B'Av viSha'ar Ta'aniyos / Mishna Berura / Rabbi Zev Wolbe's Shiurim
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Halachic Conclusions of הלכות חזרה:
Write a summary of the laws of chazarah and all it’s conditions based on שולחן ערוך ס’ רנ”ג סעיף ב and the משנה ברורה
Questions:
In case of need which conditions do not need to be met?
What are the following surfaces more comparable to – placing on a bed or placing on the floor?
Kitchen countertop, table, refrigerator?
See קובץ הלכות ה’ שבת חלק ב פרק כו סע’ מז והערה אות סו
and אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סעיף מה והערה עג
And שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף כ אות ד והערה ס -סא
For the condition of עודו בידו does one need to hold the pot in their hands or is placing on the counter and keeping ones hand onto the pot handle sufficient?
Would the same apply if placed the pot on the floor and held onto to the handle?
See קובץ הלכות ה’ שבת חלק ב פרק כו סע’ מו והערה אות סד
and אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סעיף מז והערה עו
And שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף כ אות ד והערה סב
In the event someone removed a hot pot from the fire on Friday before Shabbos and placed it on the counter with intent to place on the blech and discovered on Shabbos that he forgot to place on the blech. May he place on the blech on Shabbos?
See אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סעיף נא והערה פד
Halachic Conclusions of הלכות חזרה:
What is the halacha in the cases below?
Are these cases similar to the case and machlokes between Rebbe Akiva Eiger & Rav Shachris or different?
If it is different is it more of a reason to say it is permissable to return to the bleach or prohibited? – Why?
1. A pot slides off the blech on to the counter top?
2. A pot slides to the floor?
3. The electricity or fire goes out?
(See אגרות משה או”ח חלק ד ס’ ע”ד בישול אות לא, קובץ הלכות ה’ שבת חלק ב פרק כו סע’ מט והערה סח, שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף כז והערה עט, שו”ת בצל החכמה חלק ד ס’ קלז ס”ק יט, אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סעיף מט והערה פב)
4. The electricity goes out and a few hours later goes back on by the electric company and the food remained on hot plate the entire time?
See אורחת שבת above)
5. Someone mistakenly takes the Shabbos day cholent off the fire thinking it is the chicken soup pot for the Friday night sueda and places on the counter without intent to return?
What if he places it on the ground?
(See קובץ הלכות ה’ שבת חלק ב פרק כו סע’ גם והערה עה, שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף כג והערה עה ,שו”ת בצל החכמה חלק ד ס’ קלז ס”ק יח, אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סעיף מה והערה עח)
Questions:
Write a summary of the laws of chazarah and all it’s conditions based on שולחן ערוך ס’ רנ”ג סעיף ב and the משנה ברורה
In case of need which conditions do not need to be met?
What are the following surfaces more comparable to – placing on a bed or placing on the floor?
Kitchen countertop, table, refrigerator?
See קובץ הלכות ה’ שבת חלק ב פרק כו סע’ מז והערה אות סו
and אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סעיף מה והערה עג
And שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף כ אות ד והערה ס -סא
For the condition of עודו בידו does one need to hold the pot in their hands or is placing on the counter and keeping ones hand onto the pot handle sufficient?
Would the same apply if placed the pot on the floor and held onto to the handle?
See קובץ הלכות ה’ שבת חלק ב פרק כו סע’ מו והערה אות סד
and אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סעיף מז והערה עו
And שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף כ אות ד והערה סב
In the event someone removed a hot pot from the fire on Friday before Shabbos and placed it on the counter with intent to place on the blech and discovered on Shabbos that he forgot to place on the blech. May he place on the blech on Shabbos?
See אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סעיף נא והערה פד
Halachic Conclusions of הלכות חזרה:
Review ביאור הלכה ס’ רנ”ג סעיף ב “ואם הניח על גבי קרקע which summarizes the halacha of the case of Rebbe Akiva Eiger whether it is permitted to return a pot to the stovetop that was removed from the fire without permission of the owner without intent to return but it is still in his hand.
What is the halacha in the cases below?
Are these cases similar to the case and machlokes between Rebbe Akiva Eiger & Rav Shachris or different?
If it is different is it more of a reason to say it is permissable to return to the bleach or prohibited? – Why?
1. A pot slides off the blech on to the counter top?
2. A pot slides to the floor?
3. The electricity or fire goes out?
(See אגרות משה או”ח חלק ד ס’ ע”ד בישול אות לא, קובץ הלכות ה’ שבת חלק ב פרק כו סע’ מט והערה סח, שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף כז והערה עט, שו”ת בצל החכמה חלק ד ס’ קלז ס”ק יט, אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סעיף מט והערה פב)
4. The electricity goes out and a few hours later goes back on by the electric company and the food remained on hot plate the entire time?
See אורחת שבת above)
5. Someone mistakenly takes the Shabbos day cholent off the fire thinking it is the chicken soup pot for the Friday night sueda and places on the counter without intent to return?
What if he places it on the ground?
(See קובץ הלכות ה’ שבת חלק ב פרק כו סע’ גם והערה עה, שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף כג והערה עה ,שו”ת בצל החכמה חלק ד ס’ קלז ס”ק יח, אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סעיף מה והערה עח)
Write a summary of the laws of chazarah and all it’s conditions based on שולחן ערוך ס’ רנ”ג סעיף ב and the משנה ברורה
In case of need which conditions do not need to be met?
Questions:
What are the following surfaces more comparable to – placing on a bed or placing on the floor?
Kitchen countertop, table, refrigerator?
See קובץ הלכות ה’ שבת חלק ב פרק כו סע’ מז והערה אות סו
and אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סעיף מה והערה עג
And שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף כ אות ד והערה ס -סא
For the condition of עודו בידו does one need to hold the pot in their hands or is placing on the counter and keeping ones hand onto the pot handle sufficient?
Would the same apply if placed the pot on the floor and held onto to the handle?
See קובץ הלכות ה’ שבת חלק ב פרק כו סע’ מו והערה אות סד
and אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סעיף מז והערה עו
And שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף כ אות ד והערה סב
In the event someone removed a hot pot from the fire on Friday before Shabbos and placed it on the counter with intent to place on the blech and discovered on Shabbos that he forgot to place on the blech. May he place on the blech on Shabbos?
See אורחת שבת ח”א פרק ב סעיף נא והערה פד
Halachic Conclusions of הלכות חזרה:
Is the requirement of דעתו להחזיר to
A) Have specific intent to return, or
B) As long as there is no specific intent not to return?
What is the halacha if a pot slides off the blech onto the countertop, may it be returned to the blech?
If the electricity or fire goes out is it permitted to move the pot to a different fire?
Review ה’ רע”א ס’ רנ”ג אות ו
What is the reason if someone removes your pot from the fire on Shabbos and places it on the ground it is prohibited to return it to the stovetop?
According to Rebbe Akiva Eiger what is the machlokes between Tosfos and the Rash whether it is permitted to return a pot to the stovetop that was removed from the fire without permission of the owner without intent to return it to the fire but it is still in his hand?
Learn אבי עזרי ה’ שבת פרק ג הלכה י who asks a question on Rebbe Akiva Eiger
Learn ביאור הלכה ס’ רנ”ג סעיף ב “ואם הניח על גבי קרקע which summarizes the halacha of the case of Rebbe Akiva Eiger
Based on Rebbe Akiva Eiger what should be the halacha in the case a pot slides off the stovetop?
What is the point of disagreement between Rav Shach (אבי עזרי) and Rebbe Akiva Eiger?
See letter in back of ספר אורחת שבת ח”א from Hagaon Rav Shmuel Aurbach zt”l for an answer to the question of Rav Shach.
Halachic Conclusions of הלכות חזרה:
Review שולחן ערוך ס’ רנ”ג סעיף ב with משנה ברורה
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60388&st=&pgnum=49
Question:
If someone removes your pot from the fire on Shabbos and places it in the ground is it permitted to return it to the stovetop?
If someone removes your pot from the fire on Shabbos and does not have intent to return it to the fire but it is still in his hand. Is it permitted to return it to the stovetop?
Learn ה’ רע”א ס’ רנ”ג אות ו
Learn ביאור הלכה ס’ רנ”ג סעיף ב “ואם הניח על גבי קרקע
Point to consider
Is the requirement of דעתו להחזיר to have specific intent to return or as long as do not have specific intent not to return?
What is the halacha if a pot slides off the blech onto the countertop, may it be returned to the blech?
If the electricity or fire goes out is it permitted to move the pot to a different fire?
What is the reason if someone removed your pot from the fire on Shabbos and placed it on the ground it is prohibited to return it to the stovetop?
According to Rebbe Akiva Eiger what is the machlokes between Tosfos and the Rash whether it is permitted to return a pot to the stovetop that was removed from the fire without permission of the owner without intent to return it to the fire but it is still in his hand?
Learn אבי עזרי ה’ שבת פרק ג הלכה י who asks a question on Rebbe Akiva Eiger
Based on Rebbe Akiva Eiger what should be the halacha in the case a pot slides off the stovetop?
What is the point of disagreement between Rav Shach (אבי עזרי) and Rebbe Akiva Eiger?
See letter in back of ספר אורחת שבת ח”א from Hagaon Rav Shmuel Auerbach zt”l for an answer to the question of Rav Shach.
Halachic Conclusions of הלכות חזרה:
In conclusion – Is it required to have the conditions of עודה בידו and דעתו להחזיר in order to return pot on to a stovetop?
In the event that a pot was removed from the stovetop and placed on the ground with intent to return, may one return the pot to the fire?
Review שולחן ערוך ס’ רנ”ג סעיף ב
Review משנה ברורה ס’ רנ”ג ס”ק נ”ו, ביאור הלכה “ודעתו להחזיר and שער הציון אות נ
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60388&st=&pgnum=49
Continue learning the רמ”א ס’ רנ”ג סעיף ב
Focus on the יש אומרים שכל זה אינו אסור – the chidush of the ר”ן from the ירושלמי
See משנה ברורה ס”ק סג-סז
Major Question:
Why does the Mishna Berura not permit returning a pot to the fire when it was placed on the ground with intent to return as the Rema says was the accepted practice?
Can we rely on the ruling of the ר”ן in cases of בדיעבד ?
Learn חזון איש או”ח ס’ ל”ז ס”ק יב
See שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף כא-כב
And קובץ הלכות פרק כו סעיף מה with footnote סג
Is the requirement of דעתו להחזיר to have specific intent to return or as long as do not have specific intent not to return.
What is the halacha if a pot slides off the blech on to the counter top, may it be returned to the blech?
If the electricity or fire goes out is it permitted to move the pot to a different fire?
Learn הגהות רע”א על שולחן ערוך ס’ רנ”ג אות ו
What is the reason if someone removes your pot from the fire on Shabbos and places it on the ground it is prohibited to return it to the stovetop?
According to Rebbe Akiva Eiger what is the machlokes between Tosfos and the Rash whether it is permitted to return a pot to the stovetop that was removes from the fire without permission of the owner without intent to return it to the fire but it is still in his hand?
Learn אבי עזרי ה’ שבת פרק ג הלכה י who asks a question on Rebbe Akiva Eiger
Based on Rebbe Akiva Eiger what should be the halacha in the case a pot slides off the stovetop?
What is the point of disagreement between Rav Shach (אבי עזרי) and Rebbe Akiva Eiger?
See letter in back of ספר אורחת שבת ח”א from Hagaon Rav Shmuel Auerbach zt”l for an answer to the question of Rav Shach.
Halachic Conclusions of הלכות חזרה:
In conclusion is it required to have the conditions of עודה בידו and דעתו להחזיר in order to return pot on to a stovetop?
In the event that a pot was removed from the stovetop and placed on the ground with intent to return, may one return the pot to the fire?
Review שולחן ערוך ס’ רנ”ג סעיף ב
Review משנה ברורה ס’ רנ”ג ס”ק נ”ו, ביאור הלכה “ודעתו להחזיר and שער הציון אות נ
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Continue learning the רמ”א ס’ רנ”ג סעיף ב
Focus on the יש אומרים שכל זה אינו אסור – the chidush of the ר”ן from the ירושלמי
See משנה ברורה ס”ק סג-סז
Major Question:
Why does the Mishna Berura not permit returning a pot to the fire when it was placed on the ground with intent to return as the Rema says was the accepted practice?
Can we rely on the ruling of the ר”ן in cases of בדיעבד ?
Learn חזון איש או”ח ס’ ל”ז ס”ק יב
See שמירת שבת כהלכתו פרק א סעיף כא-כב
And קובץ הלכות פרק כו סעיף מה with footnote סג
Conclusion “גמרא דף לח: “חזרה
Halachic Conclusion:
How do we rule l’halacha in regards to the conditions of עודה בידו and דעתו להחזיר in order to return pot onto a stovetop as the Gemara lists different opinions whether both, one or none are required?
In the event that a pot was removed from the stovetop and lacking the condition of either holding on hand or intent to return may one return the pot to the fire?
Learn ר”ן דף יז: דפי הריף “לא שנו
Learn רא”ש ס’ ב last two lines
Learn רמב”ם ה’ שבת פרק ג הלכה י
Learn טור ס’ רנ”ג סעיף ב
Learn beginning of שולחן ערוך ס’ רנ”ג סעיף ב
What is the ruling of the Mechaber?
What is the ruling of the Rema?
What is the Rema adding by stating the condition of עודה בידו to the Mechaber who says if placed on ground it may not be returned?
Learn משנה ברורה on beginning of סעיף ב
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Aveida Bava Metzia Chanukah Chetzyaich Divrei Chizuk Eilu Metzios Emunah Gemara Halacha Hashkafa Kiddushin Kohanim Krias HaTorah Krias Sefer Torah Machshava Makkos Makom Mashkon Menorah Mini Mussar Mishna Berura Mussar Nesiyas Kapayim Parashah Parsha Pesach Pesach Seder Purim Rabbi Baruch Bodenheim Rabbi Gershon West Rabbi Shlomo Singer Rabbi Shmuel Suslovich Rambam Rashi Ritva Rosh Rosh Hashana Shtar Siman Tisha B'Av Tosfos Yeush Yeush Shelo Midaas Yom Iyun Yom Kippur