Monthly Archive: July 2022

Learn the “גמרא דף נב. “דרש רב עוירא .. שבעה שמות ” (nine lines before the wide lines of the Amud) until “דף נב: “א”מר רב חנא בר אחא ..

Questions:
What is the significance of the seven names of the yetzer harah?
Learn מהרש”א and ערוך לנר
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14319&st=&pgnum=508&hilite=
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14414&st=&pgnum=204

Learn בראשית פרק א פסוק לא
https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.1.31?lang=bi&aliyot=0
See מדרש רבה ט, ז which says טוב מאד is referring to the yetzer harah.
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14385&st=&pgnum=23
This seems contradictory to our gemara that Hashem calls the yetzer harah רע?
Learn מכתב מאליהו חלק ה page 160-162

Why does the yetzer harah specifically set his sights on talmidim chachamim?
What does it mean the yetzer harah of a great person is stronger than for regular person?
See שיחות מוסר מאמר צא page 390
See עלי שור חלק א שער שלישי – דעת תורה פרק י page 227-228

Why the need to drag the yetzer harah to the beis medrash instead of saying the person himself should run to the beis medrash?
What is the message in comparing the yetzer harah to a stone and to iron?
Learn בן יהוידע
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14473&st=&pgnum=168&hilite=
Learn פ’ גר”א משלי פרק כה פסוק כא & פרק ב פסוק יב
Learn פ’ גר”א מגילת אסתר פרק ב פסוק יב and commentary from Rav Brevda zt”l on this pasuk במקורות והערות “שישליך תאוות and עיונים ומליאום בסוף הספר

Review the “גמרא דף לו. “נסדק ניקב (two dots – first line of the Amud) until בעי רבא (third line)
https://hebrewbooks.org/shas.aspx?mesechta=7&daf=36&format=pdf

Review רמב״ם הלכות לולב פרק ח הלכה ז and the השגות הראב”ד on the side of the Rambam who argues on the Rambam.
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=58958&st=&pgnum=291

Write out the two opinions (Rashi & Raavad) who argue how to learn the Gemara as to what holes/dents disqualify an Esrog.

Learn ר”ן על המשנה דף יז. דפי הריף “נסדק” & ” ניקב
Carefully read the last few lines of the Ran
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14319&st=&pgnum=616

Does the Ran explain like Rashi or like the Raavad?

Question:
According to Rashi, Rambam, and Rosh why does a נקב מפולש or a hole the size of a coin disqualify the Esrog even though it is not חסר?
See ריטבא דף כט: “נמצינו למדין until “וכל שאמרנו שפסול
See חיי אדם כלל קנא ה’ לולב סעיף ב (last line)
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=49395&st=&pgnum=379

According to the Raavad if the reason why ניקב is pasul is only when part of the Esrog is missing – חסר why does the size of how much is missing differ when it’s מפולש or not מפולש?

Learn the Gemara דף לו. “בעי רבא (third line) until ת”ש
https://hebrewbooks.org/shas.aspx?mesechta=7&daf=36&format=pdf

Question:
Why do the סימני טריפה of an animal apply to an Esrog?
See פני יהושע https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=19251&st=&pgnum=520

Learn the ראש ס’ י”ח starting from “ניקב (third line) until וכן מסתבר
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14319&st=&pgnum=479&hilite=

Question:
According to the Rosh, why is an Esrog which is pierced to its core (where the seeds are located) Pasul?

Learn “תוספת “אי
Tosfos discusses three points

1. How much has to be cracked to be disqualified from נסדק.
2. The statement of תנינא by ניקב is different than by נקלף & נסדק.
3. A hole that reaches to the core is considered a נקב מפולש.

How do we rule according to Halacha?
Learn שולחן ערוך ס’תרמ”ח סעיף ב & ג with the משנה ברורה
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60391&st=&pgnum=234

Learn the גמרא דף נב. “תנו רבנן משיח בן דוד” (middle of the Amud) until “ת”ר ואת הצפוני ארחיק ” (third wide line)

Questions:
What is the significance of the seven names of the yetzer harah?
Learn מהרש”א and ערוך לנר
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14319&st=&pgnum=508&hilite=
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14414&st=&pgnum=204

Learn בראשית פרק א פסוק לא
https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.1.31?lang=bi&aliyot=0
and מדרש רבה ט, ז which says טוב מאד is referring to the yetzer harah.
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14385&st=&pgnum=23
This seems contradictory to our gemara that Hashem calls the yetzer harah רע?
Learn מכתב מאליהו חלק ה page 160-162

Why is Moshiach Ben Dovid so concerned about staying alive?
What is the need for two Moshiach – Ben Yosef and Ben Dovid?
Learn מהרש”א דף נב. “”על משיח בן יוסף
Learn מהר”ל נצח ישראל פרק לז

Continue learning the גמרא דף נב. “ת”ר ואת הצפוני ארחיק ” (third wide line) until דף נב: “א”ר שמואל בר נחמני

Question:
Why does the yetzer harah specifically set his sights on talmidim chachamim?
See שיחות מוסר מאמר צא page 390

Learn גמרא דף נב. “האי הספידא until “תנו רבנן משיח בן דוד” (middle of the Amud)

Questions:
According to the explanation that the Navi is discussing the death of the yetzer harah.
How does the Gemara answer it’s question as to why people are eulogizing the yetzer harah?
Learn מהרש”א
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14319&st=&pgnum=508&hilite=

Why are the tzadikim crying?
Learn מהרש”א and ערוך לנר
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14414&st=&pgnum=204

How is possible for the yetzer harah to be different for tzadikim than the reshaim?
It seems to be counter intuitive that the tzadikim had a larger challenge then the wicked who fell trap to the yetzer harah?
Learn מהרש”א and ערוך לנר

What is the concept the gemara is teaching us with the comparison of the yetzer harah to a mountain and to a strand of hair?
Learn מדרגות האדם מאמר תיקון המידות (page 37 in new print)
See שיחות מוסר מאמר צא page 390

Continue learning the גמרא דף נב. “תנו רבנן משיח בן דוד” (middle of the Amud) until “ת”ר ואת הצפוני ארחיק ” (third wide line)

What is the significance of the seven names of the yetzer harah?
Learn מהרש”א and ערוך לנר

See בראשית פרק א פסוק לא and מדרש רבה ט, ז which says טוב מאד is referring to the yetzer harah.
This is contradictory to our gemara that Hashem calls the yetzer harah רע?
Learn מכתב מאליהו חלק ה page 160-162

Very quickly review the second half of the משנה לד עמוד ב (starting from עלתה חזזית על רובו)
https://hebrewbooks.org/shas.aspx?mesechta=7&daf=34b&format=pdf
And רש”י על המשנה לד: “הכי גרסינן נקלף …

Learn the “גמרא דף לו. “נסדק ניקב (two dots – first line of the Amud) until בעי רבא (third line)
https://hebrewbooks.org/shas.aspx?mesechta=7&daf=36&format=pdf

Learn ר”ן על המשנה דף יז. דפי הריף “נסדק” & ” ניקב
Carefully read the last few lines of the Ran to see how he argues on Rashi.
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14319&st=&pgnum=616

Learn רמב״ם הלכות לולב פרק ח הלכה ז and the השגות הראב”ד on the side of the Rambam who argues on the Rambam.
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=58958&st=&pgnum=291

Question:
How is the Raavad reading the Gemara differently than Rashi?

Learn ראש ס’ י”ח starting from “ניקב (third line) until וכן מסתבר who learns like Rashi.
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14319&st=&pgnum=479&hilite=

Question:
According to Rashi, Rambam, and Rosh why does a נקב מפולש or a hole the size of a coin disqualify the Esrog even though it is not חסר?
See ריטבא דף כט: “נמצינו למדין until “וכל שאמרנו שפסול
See חיי אדם כלל קנא ה’ לולב סעיף ב (last line)
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=49395&st=&pgnum=379

Learn גמרא דף נב. “האי הספידא until “תנו רבנן משיח בן דוד” (middle of the Amud)

Questions:
According to the explanation that the Navi is discussing the death of the yetzer harah.
How does the Gemara answer it’s question as to why people are eulogizing the yetzer harah?
Learn מהרש”א

How is possible for the yetzer harah to be different for tzadikim than the reshaim?
It seems to be counter intuitive that the tzadikim had a larger challenge then the wicked who fell trap to the yetzer harah?
Learn מהרש”א and ערוך לנר

What is the concept the gemara is teaching us with the comparison of the yetzer harah to a mountain and to a strand of hair?
Learn מדרגות האדם מאמר תיקון המידות (page 37 in new print)
See שיחות מוסר מאמר צא page 390

Question on Gemara from last week:
Why would it be necessary to separate men and women at the Hesped for the yetzer harah. There should be no possibility of sin now that the yetzer harah is gone?
See מכתב מאליהו חלק ג page 41

What is the reason a shul has to have a mechitza?
Is it permitted to have mixed seating at a dinner or a wedding?
See אגרות משה או”ח חלק א ס’ לט & מא
Learn שו”ת חת”ס או”ח ס’ ק”צ

Does the בימה of a shul need to be specifically in the center?
Learn רמב״ם הלכות תפלה פרק י”א הלכה ג
And the כסף משנה
Learn שו”ת חת”ס או”ח ס’ כ”ח
See אגרות משה או”ח חלק א ס’ מב

Can one be Motzi someone havdala over the phone? Via microphone?
See חידושי מנחת שלמה

Learn גמרא דף נא: “במוצאי יו”ט (two dots seven lines from the bottom of the Amud) until דף נב. “האי הספידא 

Question: 

How does the fact that the Torah wants to keep men and women separated override the pasuk with the instruction not to alter the Beis Hamikdash from the blueprint of Dovid Hamelech?

Learn מהרש”א 

See הערות מסכתא סוכה 

What was the reason for the separation between men and women so they would not mingle together or that man would not see the women?

See רש”י דף נא: “קרא אשכחו (last line of the Amud)

See פ’ משניות לרמב”ם פרק ה משנה ב

What is the reason a shul has to have a mechitza?

See אגרות משה או”ח חלק א ס’ לט & מא

Does the בימה of a shul need to be specifically in the center? 

Learn רמב״ם הלכות תפלה פרק י”א הלכה ג

And the כסף משנה 

Learn שו”ת חת”ס או”ח ס’ כ”ח 

See אגרות משה או”ח חלק א ס’ מב

According to the explanation that the Navi is discussing the death of the yetzer harah. 

How does the Gemara answer it’s question as to why people are eulogizing the yetzer harah?

Learn מהרש”א 

Why would it be necessary to separate men and women at the Hesped for the yetzer harah. There should be no possibility of sin now that the yetzer harah is gone?

See עלי שור

Conclusion of Sugya – נקלף

Review “גמרא דף לה: “נקלף (two dots – three lines from bottom of the Amud) until the top of דף לו
https://hebrewbooks.org/shas.aspx?mesechta=7&daf=35b&format=pdf

Quickly review “תוספת דף לו. “הא

Questions:
What is the point of argument between Rashi and the רבינו חננאל?

According to רבינו חננאל: What is the point of comparison of siman traifa of skinning an animal to a peeled Esrog when the reason for siman traifa is dependent on whether the animal can recover from such a malady which is clearly not the case by Esrog?
Learn פני יהושע
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=19251&st=&pgnum=520
See שולחן ערוך ס’ תרמ”ח סעיף יח & יט & שער הציון אות סד for a possible different explanation than the פני יהושע as to why according to רבינו חננאל an Esrog that is entirely נקלף is pasul
According to this reason would נקלף be disqualified for the entire Sukkos or just the first day?

Would a small area that is נקלף on the חוטם disqualify an Esrog?
See רא”ש end of ס’ יז starting from the word “ובחוטמו”
https://hebrewhttps://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14319&st=&pgnum=479&hilite=
See שולחן ערוך ס’ תרמ”ח סעיף יב and ביאור הלכה “שינוי
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60391&st=&pgnum=238

According to which opinion do we rule for the Halacha?
Learn שולחן ערוך אור”ח ס’ תרמ”ח סעיף ו with the משנה ברורה https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60391&st=&pgnum=236

Please write a summary of the Sugya.

Start learning the גמרא דף לו “נסדק ניקב (two dots – first line of the Amud) until בעי רבא (third line)
Learn ר”ן על המשנה דף יז. דפי הריף “נסדק” & ” ניקב

Very quickly review “תוס’ דף נב. “וכיון

Clarify the two explanations as to what is considered an אמן יתומה

List a leniency and a stringency of each of the explanations 

Questions:

According to the second explanation of Tosfos, is it permitted to respond Amen to a bracha that one is obligated to recite when he did not hear the bracha but knows exactly which bracha had just been said?  

See רבינו יונה ברכות מז 

https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14308&st=&pgnum=534&hilite=

According to the first explanation of Tosfos, why is the issue of responding an אמן יתומה just in regards to a bracha one is obligated to recite? 

See שולחן ערוך או”ח ס’ קס”ז סע’ ט”ז    

and שולחן ערוך או”ח ס’ רי”ג סע’ ב ומשנה ברורה ס”ק י”ז

and שולחן ערוך או”ח ס’ רי”ט סע’ ד-ה

See ח’ ר’ אריה לייב מאלין חלק א ס’ ה who gives an explaination based on some of the above sources 

https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=51220&st=&pgnum=24

How do we conclude lhalacha?

Learn שולחן ערוך או”ח ס’ קכ”ד סע’ ח    

https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60386&st=&pgnum=303

Questions:

What is the difference between the ruling of the Mechaber and the Rema?

According to the Mechaber, If someone already davened silent shemoneh esreh can he respond Amen to חזרת הש”ץ without knowing what bracha had just been said?

Learn the משנה ברורה 

Questions:

Why is the punishment so severe for saying an אמן יתומה?

Continue learning the גמרא דף נא: “במוצאי יו”ט (two dots seven lines from the bottom of the Amud) until דף נב. “האי הספידא 

Question: 

How does the fact that the Torah wants to keep men and women separated override the pasuk with the instruction not to alter the Beis Hamikdash from the blueprint of Dovid Hamelech?

Quickly review the :גמרא דף נא just the lines discussing thr waving of the flag in the shul to respond Amen 

Learn גמרא ברכות דף מז. “ת”ר אין עונין … אמן יתומה (two dots in the middle of the Amud) with Rashi and Tosfos  

https://hebrewbooks.org/shas.aspx?mesechta=1&daf=47&format=pdf

Learn “תוס’ דף נב. “וכיון

Clarify the two answers of Tosfos as to why the response of Amen based on the signal of the flag was not considered an אמן יתומה

Question:

Does the opinion of Rav Tzadok Hakohen that Tosfos quotes agree with the first explanation of tosfos or the second answer of Tosfos? 

See רבינו יונה ברכות מז for his explanation on אמן יתומה

Questions:

• Why is the punishment so severe for saying an אמן יתומה?
• According to the first answer of Tosfos, why is the issue of responding an אמן יתומה just in regards to a bracha one is obligated to recite? See ח’ ר’ אריה לייב מאלין חלק א ס’ ה
• According to the first answer of Tosfos, If you daven shemoneh esreh by yourself can you respond Amen to חזרת הש”ץ without knowing what bracha had just been said?
• According to the second answer of Tosfos is it permitted to respond Amen to a bracha that one is obligated to recite when he did not hear the bracha but knows exactly which bracha had just been said?  
  • List the נפקא מינה between the two answers of Tosfos. 

Learn טור אורח חיים ס’ קכ”ד סע’ ח

https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14265&st=&pgnum=204

Learn שולחן ערוך ס’ קכ”ד סע’ ח    

https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60386&st=&pgnum=303

What is the difference between the ruling of the Mechaber and the Rema?

Review the second half of the משנה לד עמוד ב (starting from עלתה חזזית על רובו)

Learn “גמרא דף לה: “נקלף (two dots – three lines from bottom of the Amud) until the top of .דף לו

Learn “תוספת דף לו. “הא
Tosfos brings the opinion of רבינו חננאל who learns the Gemara distinction between if the entire peel of the Esrog or only a portion of the peel is removed the opposite of Rashi.

Questions:
According to רבינו חננאל
what is the point of comparison of siman traifa of skinning an animal to a peeled Esrog when the reason for siman terifa is dependent on whether the animal can recover from such a malady which is clearly not the case by Esrog?
See פני יהושע
See שולחן ערוך ס’ תרמ”ח סעיף יח & יט & שער הציון אות סד for a possible different explanation.

Is נקלף disqualified for the entire Sukkos or just the first day.

What is the point of argument between Rashi and the רבינו חננאל?

Questions:

Does the portion that is peeled need to be a certain size, color, on specific area, or in multiple locations in order to disqualify the Esrog?
Learn רא”ש ס’ יז who brings two opinions https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14319&st=&pgnum=479&hilite=

Bring a proof the opinion of Rashi whether the peeled area disqualifies only if it’s multiple locations on the Esrog or even on one spot?

According to which opinion do we rule for the Halacha?

Learn שולחן ערוך אור”ח ס’ תרמ”ח סעיף ו with the משנה ברורה https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60391&st=&pgnum=236

Learn the :גמרא דף נא from after the Mishnah until the two dots

Questions: 

• If the Jews living in mitzrayim were in violation of the לא תעשה prohibiting one to live in Mitzrayim why does the gemara attribute their settlement as the paradigm example of the honor of klal yisrael? 
• Why didn’t the gemara know in the question that they were in violation of the  לא תעשה not to return to Mitzrayim?
• Why were the Jews living in Mitzrayim punished so harshly for living in Mitzrayim which is just a  לא תעשה – culpable at most with lashes and not death? 
• Were the people who were born and raised in Egypt in violation of the  לא תעשה as they never actually moved to egypt?
  • Learn “ערוך לנר “סטיו כפול who answers many of the above questions 
  • • https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14414&st=&pgnum=202
• How was the Rambam permitted to live in Mitzrayim?
  • Learn רמב”ם ה’ מלכים פרק ה הלכה ז-ח and the רדב”ז (on side of the Rambam) who answers this question.
    • https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=58968&st=&pgnum=185&hilite=

Learn “תוס’ דף נב. “וכיון

Clarify the two answers of Tosfos as to why the response of Amen based on the signal of the flag was not considered an אמן יתומה

Question:

Does the opinion of Rav Tzadok Hakohen that Tosfos quotes agree with the first explanation of tosfos or the second answer of Tosfos? 

Learn גמרא ברכות דף מז. “אמן יתומה with Rashi and Tosfos who asks the same question of Tosfos in Sukkah and only brings the second the answer of Tosfos. 

https://hebrewbooks.org/shas.aspx?mesechta=1&daf=47&format=pdf

Questions:

• Why is the punishment so severe for saying an אמן יתומה?
• According to the first answer of Tosfos, why is the issue of responding an אמן יתומה just in regards to a bracha one is obligated to recite?
• According to the second answer of Tosfos is it permitted to respond Amen to a bracha that one is obligated to recite when he did not hear the bracha but knows exactly which bracha had just been said?  
  • List the נפקא מינה between the two answers of Tosfos. 

Learn טור אורח חיים ס’ קכ”ד סע’ ח

https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14265&st=&pgnum=204

Learn שולחן ערוך ס’ קכ”ד  

https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60386&st=&pgnum=303

What is the difference between the ruling of the Mechaber and the Rema?

See the Mishna Berura

Very quickly review the second half of the .משנה דף נא starting from “חסידים ואנשי מעשה”

Learn “תוס’ דף נא. “שעליהן
Learn “תוסי דף נא: “קרא

Review רמב״ם הלכות לולב פרק ח הלכה יב-טו
Who lists the details discussed in the mishnah.
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14278&st=&pgnum=294
Note the differences between the Rambam and the Mishnah
Questions:
How could the Rambam say the setting up of the bleachers for women occurred on Erev Sukkos when the mishnah says it was done the night after the first day of Sukkos?
Why does the Rambam not specify that the musical instruments were played by the Leviim?
Why does the Rambam not list the Chalil as one of the instruments?
Why does the Rambam not mention the blasting of the shofar as the water drawer exited the Beis hamikdash?
See ערוך לנר who addresses many of the differences.
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14414&st=&pgnum=201
Why does the Rambam conclude with a whole explanation as to what Simcha is?

Learn the גמרא דף נא: from after the Mishnah until the two dots.

Conclusion of Sugya: Pitum

How do we conclude lhalacha regarding the falling off of the פיטום and עוקץ?
Learn שולחן ערוך ס’ תרמ”ח סעיף ז-ח and the משנה ברורה
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60391&st=&pgnum=236

The Shulchan Aruch rules if the Pitum falls off the Esrog is pasul. How much of the Pitum needs to fall off to disqualify?
Just the crown, part of the דד, the entire דד, part of the wood embedded internally, all the wood embedded internally?
Learn משנה ברורה ס”ק ל who brings three opinions and שער הציון אות לג who discusses the sources from the Rishonim and Achronim. See קובץ הלכות לולב פרק לא סעיף ו
See ערוך השולחן ס’ תרמ”ח סעיף כד

Does it matter what type of Pitum the Esrog has?
Learn כף החיים ס’ תרמ”ח סעיף ז ס”ק מו and הליכות שלמה לולב פרק י סעיף יט and קובץ הלכות לולב פרק לא סעיף ד who disagrees.

Questions:
What’s the status of an Esrog if the crown on top of the Pitum falls off?
Learn משנה ברורה ס”ק לא and שער הציון אות לו See ערוך השולחן ס’ תרמ”ח סעיף כד

Why doesn’t one need to be concerned with purchasing an Esrog without a Pitum that perhaps it had a Pitum and it fell off?
Learn משנה ברורה ס”ק לב and שער הציון אות לז. See קובץ הלכות לולב פרק לא סעיף ב who disagrees.

What if the Pitum falls off while the Esrog is still attached to the tree?
See לבוש ס’ תרמ”ח סעיף ז , Sefer הערות על גמרא סוכה דף לה: “נטלה , קובץ הלכות לולב פרק לא סעיף א and הליכות שלמה לולב פרק י סעיף יח who disagrees with the above Poskim.

Point to Consider:
Is it preferable to purchase an Esrog with a Pitum? See ביכורי יעקב ס תרמ”ח ס”ק כה
Sefer הערות על גמרא סוכה דף לה עמוד ב from Hagaon Rav Elyashiv Zt”l see דרשו משנה ברורה note 61 ,

Sugya: Pitum

Very quickly review the “גמרא דף לה: “נטל פטמתו until “נקלף”

Write a summary of the four opinions we learnt (2 in Rashi & 2 in Tosfos/Rosh) as to what part of the Esrog is the פיטום, the עוקץ and what will disqualify the Esrog if it falls off.
List the halachik נפקא מינה of these four opinions.

Questions:
The second opinion (ר’ יצחק הלוי) brought in Rashi holds that an Esrog which the woody piece that’s embedded inside the bottom of the Esrog falls out is pasul because it’s considered חסר.
The רא”ש ס’ טז explained that the first opinion (ר’ יעקב) brought in Rashi disagrees and holds the Esrog remains Kosher.
Why doesn’t ר’ יעקב disqualify this Esrog for the reason of חסר?
Learn חידושי הגרי”ז סוכה

The first opinion (ר’ יעקב) brought in Rashi holds if the top protruding piece from the Esrog (what is generally referred to as פיטום) falls off the Esrog is pasul.
Why? See the מגן אברהם ס’תרמ”ט ס”ק יז
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14327&st=&pgnum=392

See the קרבן נתנאל אות ק who says it’s not הדר
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14319&st=&pgnum=479&hilite=

According to the reason of הדר why is an Esrog that grows without a Pitum kosher?
Why does the second opinion (ר’ יצחק הלוי) brought in Rashi hold it’s Kosher?
Learn ערוך השולחן ס’ תרמ”ח סעיף כ-כא who explains the reasoning of the opinions of ר’ יעקב and ר’ יצחק הלוי and gives a different explanation than the Brisker Rav.

If the Pitum falls off is the Esrog Pasul just the first day of Sukkos or for the entire Yom Tov?
Learn רמ”א ס’ תרמ”ט סעיף ה “וחסר כשר ..וניטל פטמתו .. and משנה ברורה ס”ק לו
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60391&st=&pgnum=246

Questions:
What’s the status of the Esrog if the crown on top of the Pitum falls off?
See the ריף דף יז: דפי הריף (top line) and the רן “תאני ר’ יצחק (sixth line from bottom of the Amud)
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14319&st=&pgnum=617
How do we conclude lhalacha regarding the falling off of the פיטום and עוקץ?
Learn שולחן ערוך ס’ תרמ”ח סעיף ז-ח and the משנה ברורה
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60391&st=&pgnum=236

Point to Consider:
Is an Esrog that grows without a Pitum kosher?
What if the Pitum falls off while the Esrog is still attached to the tree?
Is it preferable to purchase an Esrog with a Pitum?
See Sefer הערות על גמרא סוכה דף לה עמוד ב from Hagaon Rav Eliyashuv Zt”l
Learn רמ”א ס’ תרמ”ט סעיף ה “וחסר כשר ..וניטל פטמתו .. and משנה ברורה ס”ק לו
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60391&st=&pgnum=246

Sugya: פיטום

Learn the “גמרא דף לה: “נטל פטמתו until “נקלף”

Points to Clarify:
What part of the Esrog is the פיטום?
What part of the Esrog is the בוכנא?
What part of the Esrog is the עוקץ?

Is רבי יצחק coming to explain what is a פיטום or to add another disqualifying issue?
Learn “רש”י “תניא רבי יצחק who presents two explanations for the case of נטלה פטמתו
Learn “תוספת “נטלה

Question:
What’s a halachik נפקא מינה of these two explanations?

Learn the רא”ש ס’ טז – who brings two additional explanations from the ר”ת and the ר”ח and various נפקא מינה.
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14319&st=&pgnum=479&hilite=

Question:
Why is the Esrog pasul when the פיטום falls off?
Why is the Esrog kosher when the עוקץ falls off?
Learn קרבן נתנאל אות ק

What’s the status of the Esrog if the crown on top of the Pitum falls off?
See the ריף דף יז: דפי הריף (top line) and the רן “תאני ר’ יצחק (sixth line from bottom of the Amud)
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14319&st=&pgnum=617

Write a summary of the five opinions (2 in Rashi & 2 in Tosfos/Rosh & 1 in the Rif) as to what part of the Esrog is the פיטום, the עוקץ and what will disqualify the Esrog if it falls off.
List the halachik נפקא מינה of these opinions.

Question:
What is the central point that these opinions are arguing about?
Learn חידושי הגרי”ז סוכה

Learn רמ”א ס’ תרמ”ט סעיף ה “וחסר כשר ..וניטל פטמתו .. and משנה ברורה ס”ק לו
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60391&st=&pgnum=246

Questions:
Is an Esrog that grows without a Pitum kosher?
What if the Pitum falls off while the Esrog is still attached to the tree?

How do we conclude lhalacha regarding the falling off of the פיטום and עוקץ?
Learn שולחן ערוך ס’ תרמ”ח סעיף ז-ח and the Mishna berura
https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=60391&st=&pgnum=236